Does a bigger charger charge faster?

Only up to a point. Your phone decides how fast it charges, not the charger.

The Just Right card

Too littleAn old 2.5-watt cube that can't keep up
Too muchA 100-watt brick for a 20-watt phone
Just rightOne 40-watt USB-C PD charger for phones and tablets

Huh, didn't know that: Wireless charging is handy but slower, and turns 20 to 30% of the power into heat.

The dad joke
My wife asked why I own fourteen chargers. I told her I'm just trying to stay current.
Play the game

Sources

  1. Belkin iPhone charging guide
  2. Android Authority on Quick Charge and USB PD
  3. Engadget on wireless charging losses

Test yourself on this one