You sign in, and then the system decides which folders you may open. What is that second step?

Authorization, deciding what you are allowed to do after you are identified.

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  1. Authentication
  2. Authorization ✔
  3. Accounting

Why: Authentication proves who you are. Authorization grants access privileges. Accounting, the third A, records what you did.

Huh, didn't know that: NIST defines authentication as verifying the identity of a user, process, or device, often as a prerequisite to allowing access.

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What is the biggest lie in the entire universe? "I have read and agree to the Terms & Conditions."
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References

Answer: Authorization. Authentication proves who you are. Authorization grants access privileges. Accounting, the third A, records what you did.

  1. NIST CSRC Glossary: authorization csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/authorization
    Access privileges granted to a user, program, or process
    Checked 2026-10-11.
  2. NIST CSRC Glossary: authentication csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/authentication
    Verifying the identity of a user, process, or device
    Checked 2026-10-11.

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