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SESK: Stuff Everyone Should Know · sesk.info/ifr-circling-category-d

A Category B airplane circles to land at 145 knots. Whose circling minimums should it use?

Use Category D minimums.

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  1. Category B
  2. Category D ✔
  3. Category C

Why: Approach category is set by speed. If you maneuver faster than your category allows, you need the minimums for the higher category, because circling approach areas grow with speed. At 145 knots, Category D applies.

Huh, didn't know that: Approach category is based on VREF at maximum landing weight, or 1.3 times VSO if VREF is not specified.

The dad joke
Circling minimums: because sometimes your runway is on the other side of the airport.
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References

Answer: Category D. Approach category is set by speed. If you maneuver faster than your category allows, you need the minimums for the higher category, because circling approach areas grow with speed. At 145 knots, Category D applies.

  1. FAA Instrument Procedures Handbook, Chapter 4 www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/instrument_procedures_handbook/FAA-H-8083-16B_Chapter_4.pdf
    circling to land at a speed of 145 knots, must use the approach Category D minimums.
    Checked 2026-10-10.
  2. FAA Aeronautical Information Manual 5-4 Instrument Approach Procedures www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap5_section_4.html
    if V REF is not specified, 1.3 VSO at the maximum certified landing weight.
    Checked 2026-10-10.

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FlyingAn airplane's approach category speed (VREF) is 125 knots. Which approach category is it?FlyingUsing only the approach lights as your visual reference, how low may you descend below DA?FlyingThe authorized DA/DH or MDA for an approach is which of the available values?

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